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Escape from Elba

By the end of 1814 Napoleon had begun to consider quitting Elba and raising his standard again in France. The initial novelty and challenge of ruling his island empire had …

Napoleon’s escape and the road to war

The long war against Napoleon was over, and the Allied Powers and France gathered in Vienna to negotiate the peace. Then came the shocking news that Napoleon had escaped from …

The settlement of 1814

Following the abdication of Napoleon in April 1814, and the cessation of war with France, the allies were faced with the prospect of settling the peace. It was a process …

The Abdication of Napoleon

This article considers the remarkable conclusion to Napoleon’s great empire with his unconditional abdication as Emperor of the French on 6 April 1814, at Fontainebleau. This marked an end to …